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Thermodynamic Explanation of Ammonium Nitrate’s Endothermic Dissolution in Water

Aug 06, 2025

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Abstract: Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) is used in instant cold packs because its dissolution in water absorbs heat, causing cooling. This article explains in detail why this dissolution is endothermic, using thermodynamic principles. We discuss the solution enthalpy ΔH (balance of lattice energy and hydration enthalpy), the role of entropy ΔS and Gibbs fre…

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